16 Tishrei 4493 – October 10 732
Poitiers
Charles Martel, nicknamed “The Hammaer“, and his Franks overcame a large army of Moors at the Battle of Tours, in today’s west-central France. Martel’s victory halted the Muslim advance into western Europe, leaving the territory south of the Spanish Pyrenees in Islamic hands for much of the next seven centuries, with the rest of the continent remaining under Christian dominion. This demarcation essentially separated the Sephardic and Levantine Jewish communities living under Muslim rule from their Ashkenazic counterparts in Christendom.
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