The waves of migration from eastern Europe did not simply ebb and flow. Orchestrated by the entrepreneurial spirit of the likes of Sender Jarmulowsky, they created surges of capital. The trade in ship tickets changed...
Between 1824 and 1924, thirty-four million Europeans immigrated to the United States, including some three million Jews. In the 19th century, this journey took several months; families traveled on foot and by carriage and train...