
Roman emperor Justinian I published the first version of his Corpus Juris Civilis also known as the Justinian Code. This systematic collection of Roman laws, which became the basis for the entire Continental law system, included openly anti-Semitic clauses, and defined all non-Christians as non-civilians. The code also enshrined the principle of “enslaving the Jews,” depriving them of various rights and privileges and making them legally inferior to Christians – a tradition that continued throughout Christian Europe for centuries.