August 23 634 – 23 Elul 4394
Umar ibn Al-Khatab became the second caliph of the Rashid caliphate. Umar conquered the Holy Land from the Byzantine Empire in 637 and overturned the ban on Jews worshipping in Jerusalem. The caliph also had the Temple Mount cleansed of filth and invited seventy Jewish families to settle on its southern end.