October 1 331 – 26 Tishrei 3431
Alexander the Great defeated Darius and his Persian army in the battle of Gaugamela, to become sovereign of all Asia. The battle marked the end of the titanic battle between the Greek and Persian empires, and the beginning of the spread of western Hellenist culture into Judea. Greek ideas, dress and customs began to displace the Oriental influence of the Persians that had arrived in the Holy Land with the Jewish community returning from Babylon, whose activities were centered mostly around Jerusalem.