February 11 1229 – 19 Adar I 4989
The Sixth Crusade led by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II managed to do what no other Crusade since the first had succeeded in doing, regaining control of Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem without risking the life of a single Christian soldier. Under the ten-year treaty Frederick signed with Al Malik al-Khamil, governor of Egypt, the latter’s Muslim army would continue to control the Temple Mount and its mosques, conquered by Saladin in 1187, while the rest of Jerusalem would be ruled by the Crusaders. This agreement held until 1244, when Jerusalem was conquered again, this time by Khwarazmians – a Persian dynasty of Sunni Muslims whose empire had been destroyed by the Mongols.